Historically, the field of international security has largely neglected or overlooked the consideration of gender in its theoretical frameworks and analyses. International security has traditionally focused on state-centric perspectives, military capabilities, strategic interests, and power dynamics, often disregarding the role of gender in shaping security dynamics and outcomes. In recent decades, scholars and practitioners within the field of international security have increasingly recognized the significance of gender in shaping security issues and have sought to incorporate gender perspectives into their analyses. Feminist scholars and researchers have been at the forefront of this shift, highlighting the ways in which gender shapes security practices, conflict, peace-building, and the experiences of different groups in conflict-affected areas. While the field of international security has made progress in recognizing the importance of gender, efforts are still to be made to promote a more inclusive and gender-sensitive approach to security studies, which recognizes the diverse experiences and perspectives of different genders and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of security challenges. This paper will examine the role of women in international security from a feminist perspective, introduce the content of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 and the UN’s role in promoting gender equality including the implementation of the resolution and the challenges it encounters, and then discuss with Afghanistan as a case study to draw some conclusions and propose some recommendations.

This article addresses the International Criminal Court ruling in the Bashir case from the perspectives of the International Criminal Court’s position following the United Nations Security Council’s referral of the case, and the conflict between Articles 27 and 98, which in the Rome Statute, and the rationale of Article 27’s scope of applicability. The immunity ratione personae can be divided in to two parts: Rome Statute and customary international law, which are the principal sources. Sudan is not the contracting party of the Rome Statute, and the Rome Statute only applies to signatories. This essay first contends that the position of the International Criminal Court in the Bashir case has not altered toward a vertical connection after the United Nations Security Council transferred the case. Second, the field of applicability of Article 98 should be broadened, and Article 27’s effective time should not be restricted to the appeals phase. Third, the International Criminal Court cannot demonstrate that there is an existing case in which the immunity of in-service leaders of state has been revoked in international customary law. In the end, this article contends that the International Criminal Court’s ruling of the Bashir case is irrational and insufficiently supported by the facts. Sudan is a third country to the Rome Statute, had its rights violated by the International Criminal Court’s explanation of Article 27.

Since the 1990s, a cultural wave of Hallyu, or the South Korean wave, has gradually arisen in China. Hallyu generally refers to the South Korean culture and lifestyle that have gained popularity domestically, primarily through the dissemination of TV dramas, music, and artists, with “Blackpink” as a representative example. Since Hallyu’s inception in China, it has remained a hot topic across major media and portal websites. Its influence touches on various aspects of Chinese cultural audiences, attributing its success to the inherent South Korean culture in Hallyu. This paper studies the pathway and influence of Hallyu culture’s dissemination in China, analyzing it from four perspectives: government, corporations, culture, and audiences, seeking reasons for the successful propagation of Hallyu culture and its enlightening implications for the Chinese cultural industry. Based on the roots of local culture with the spirit of embracing all rivers can people turn the collision of Chinese culture and foreign culture into an opportunity for cultural renewal to usher in the great historical revival of Chinese culture in the 21st century. The primary research methods employed in this study are literature analysis and semi-structured interviews.

The emergence of new media has revolutionized communication and self-expression, prompting a growing interest in the role it plays in promoting gender equality and empowering women. In particular, female self-expression through new media platforms has become a crucial area of study, as women utilize these platforms to voice their opinions, share their experiences, and advocate for social change. This paper explores the value and challenges of female self-expression in new media through a method of literature review and analyzing the content of female blogs in mainland China. The paper finds that as a new media form, female blogs provide a platform for women to express themselves, voice their opinions, and advocate for equality. However, female blogs also face various challenges in the new media environment, such as gender discrimination, online violence, and privacy breaches. Therefore, people need to pay attention to the self-expression of women in the new media environment, explore more equal, safe, and free ways of expression, and provide more support and protection for women’s voices.

In the early 20th century, China gradually adjusted its family planning policy due to the unbalanced population structure. From the selective two-child policy in 2013 to the universal two-child policy in 2016, China ended the one-child policy that had lasted for decades. In fact, after the implementation of the selective two-child policy, it has always been a hot topic of public debate. However, the government has been cautious about this issue and has yet to make a clear statement. After much debate, the universal two-child policy was introduced. The existing literature mainly analyzes the reason and purpose of introducing the two-child policy but rarely analyzes the policy agenda setting in the process of policy change. Therefore, this paper will analyze China’s fertility system based on the agenda-setting process’s internal mechanism. As the leading theory of agenda setting, the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) helps explain the causal relationship between the policy of “one child” and the policy of “universal two-child policy” in China; this provides a new perspective for understanding China’s general and significant policy changes. Therefore, this paper will analyze the internal logic and the dynamic mechanism of the process of two-child policy change and assess the interpretation limits of the Advocacy Coalition Framework in the policy process in China.

This paper aims to discuss the transformations observed in the cultural consumption patterns of the younger demographic, highlighting the substantial influence of age in the development of cultural capital. Prieur and other scholars stated that Bourdieu’s model of social space of ‘capital composition’, which the secondary axis he identified between individuals primarily possessing cultural capital and those primarily possessing economic capital is frequently complicated by age. The paper first provides a brief review of cultural capital established by Bourdieu. It then applies a theoretical discussion method to demonstrate how age is reforming cultural capital, accompanied by significant empirical research. Furthermore, due to the emerging distinctiveness, the paper discusses the changes in cultural consumption among youth. Finally, the paper concludes that: 1) Age forms distinctive preferences for cultural consumption among youth, with the influence of highbrow culture decreasing as the younger generation tends to embrace commercially oriented products; 2) The cultural consumption patterns of the younger generation are less conspicuous and less elitism.

Due to the rise of industrialization and consumerism, consumer markets become very competitive. Many companies are racking their brains to figure out how to attract as many consumers as possible in order to earn revenue. Under such circumstances, producers have tried different marketing methods. One of the methods relates to the color of the product, and it has shown significant effectiveness in grabbing the attention of consumers. The purpose of the paper is to figure out how color affects consumer purchase behavior by attempting to review multiple papers, and the researcher has separated it into several parts: in the first section, the research illustrates the meaning of color. In the second section, the researcher describes the effect of color on the brain and mood. In the third section, the researcher explains the effect of gender differences on color perception. In the fourth section, the researcher relates color with health. In the final sections, the researcher provides a final suggestion to both consumers and producers.

Over the past decade, the global music industry has witnessed a remarkable surge in the popularity of Korean pop (K-pop), with the South Korean boy band Bangtan Sonyeondan (BTS) emerging as one of the leading forces behind this phenomenon. This paper aims to analyze BTS’s impact on K-pop worldwide by examining various statistical indicators, such as album sales, social media engagement, and global music charts. Firstly, the work delves into BTS’s album sales, production value, and consumption stimulus, which serve as a tangible marker of their global influence. By analyzing data from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and Billboard, it becomes evident that BTS consistently dominates album sales, breaking numerous records and crossing cultural boundaries. Their abilities to connect with diverse audiences worldwide showcases their unrivaled impact on K-pop’s expansion. Furthermore, this work explores the power of impacts on culture in amplifying BTS’s influence. By examining data from platforms like National Gukak Research Institute, also including analysis on value transmission and cross-culture communication, it becomes evident that BTS boasts an enormous online presence. Moreover, the band’s ability to captivate fans globally and the role as cultural ambassador for K-pop are demonstrated. In conclusion, this paper provides compelling evidence of BTS’s profound impact on K-pop worldwide. Through their exceptional album sales, impressive social media engagement, and groundbreaking chart achievements, BTS has successfully elevated the genre’s global presence, paving the way for wider recognition and acceptance of K-pop in the music industry.

The Self-disclosure for adolescents is important for their interpersonal relationships as well as future social development. Adolescents tend to increase their self-disclosure when they communicate with their peers. Associative cards serve as a tool that closes the distance between people and builds an emotional connection with others during communication. Previous research has showed that associative cards could facilitate the self-disclosure of patients with psychological problems. This study aims to test the effectiveness of associative cards on adolescents’ self-disclosure in school settings. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design with non-randomized samples, 14 volunteer students were invited to join in the associative cards activity. The Self-Disclosure Inventory was used to measure participants’ self-disclosure. Participants finished the same inventory before and after the activity. The results showed that score differences between the pretest and posttest indicated a significant difference, which suggested that using associative cards can promote adolescents’ self-disclosure in the school environment. The conclusion provided a novel way to facilitate peer relationships in school. Educators can use associative cards more in the future to promote adolescent’s self-disclosure to peers. The associative cards activity in this research can be improved and extended to study whether the promotion of adolescents’ self-disclosure can last long term.

In today’s market environment, choosing a spokesperson is a strategy many brands implement to improve profitability. The importance and influence of spokespersons on brands have been widely studied and recognized. However, there is still a gap in research on the compatibility between brands and spokespersons. Therefore, through case studies and literature analysis, this study explores the reasons for the brand selection of spokespersons, their focus, and strategies for enhancing the adaptability of brand temperament and spokesperson image. Research has found that endorsement relationships have a high degree of fit and complement each other, positively impacting brand marketing. Based on the research results, this study believes that the compatibility between brand temperament and spokesperson image is one of the crucial factors for the success of brand marketing. A brand should accurately grasp its disposition and choose a spokesperson image that matches it to enhance its recognition and market competitiveness. In addition, this study provides corresponding strategies for improving the fit of endorsement relationships and avoiding endorsement risks.

Lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals often confront elevated levels of stress stemming from societal and familial pressures, as well as microaggressions, prejudices, and stereotypes. This study aims to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of bullying within LGBT communities on educational campuses. By investigating the underlying catalysts and repercussions of such bullying, this research seeks to propose viable solutions and intervention strategies, thereby contributing invaluable insights to society. The experiences of LGBT groups are intricately woven with a multitude of factors, including preconceived notions, cultural norms, and systemic discrimination. This research delves into the pervasive issue of bullying targeting LGBT students within academic institutions, dissecting its various ramifications. Through a meticulous review of existing research and methodical comparative analysis, the study elucidates the current landscape of interventions and their outcomes. The study reveals that instances of bullying against LGBT students are prevalent in educational settings, driven by factors such as cultural biases, inadequacies in educational frameworks, societal perceptions, and media influence. To address these challenges, this article presents a series of recommendations. These include bolstering diversity education, establishing comprehensive anti-bullying policies, and fostering social inclusivity to cultivate an environment of safety and esteem for LGBT individuals within campus premises. Future endeavours should be directed towards a deeper exploration of strategies and approaches to effectively tackle these concerns, ensuring the well-being and dignity of LGBT individuals in academic settings. Evaluating initiatives promoting diversity education, anti-bullying legislation, and social integration is imperative to gauge their efficacy.

Musicians used virtuosity to showcase the pinnacle of human mastery over musical instruments, and the violin, known as the “king of instruments,” excels in terms of its range, tone, and flexibility. The combination of the violin and virtuosity allows for an infinite range of possibilities in musical expression. The virtuoso style emerged during the Romantic period, an era that celebrated the beauty of humanity and freedom, and it propelled violin artistry to unprecedented heights. This phenomenon was not a coincidence but the result of the interplay of musical style inheritance, advances in violin-making techniques, social change, and commercial development. The historical context imbued violin virtuosity with unique significance, determining the characteristics of virtuoso musical genres, composition styles, and performance contexts. This holds a special place in the history of Western music and violin development, profoundly influencing the philosophy of violin music performance. However, the ultimate goal of virtuosity is not just to perform fast and seamless notes flawlessly but to use technique as a means to showcase a unique style and evoke musical emotions. Violin students, when practicing and performing virtuosic music, should possess a certain understanding of virtuosity as an art form and endeavor to uncover the musical depth behind the technical prowess.

Buddhist music was introduced to Japan from China in the 6th century and marked the origins of chanting in temple and court rituals by Japanese monks. However, after the Meiji Restoration, Buddhist music underwent a transformative phase due to policy changes and western influences. Additionally, technological developments in music and increased scholarly attention have played a significant role in restoring lost ancient Buddhism music. This paper focuses on current research landscape of modern and contemporary Japanese Buddhist music, primarily addressing two issues: the diverse forms of modern Japanese Buddhist music and the underlying reasons behind their diversification. The paper argues that the temple economy stands as the main factor influencing both the popularization and diversification of Buddhist music in Japan. By exploring these critical aspects, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolution and cultural significance of Japanese Buddhist music in contemporary society.

The creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) has successfully pushed for the prosecution of global crimes. This is a significant development in the area of international law and will have a significant effect on the world’s peaceful advancement. In order to advance the justice of the international order, it is impossible to ignore the jurisdiction question, which has always been the ICC’s central concern. As long as the nation submitting the case is the nation where the crime was committed or the nation of nationality of the criminal suspect, it can fall under the purview of the ICC’s authority. The ICC has heard a number of international criminal cases since its founding, including those in Sudan’s Darfur. This essay examines the conflict between peace and justice in the ICC, analyzes it, identifies the limitations of the real implementation process, and finally makes pertinent recommendations. Its main concern is the jurisdiction of the ICC.

In 1985, Donna Haraway conceived a political myth of the cyborg, a cybernetic organism, hybrid of machine and organism, that refuses to be attributed to existing definitions used to explain the human body. Over the years, Haraway’s cyborg has continued to find itself in the center of academic and creative discourse. Given the prominence of Haraway’s model, in this paper, I will examine the cyborg poetics of two contemporary female Asian poets, Franny Choi and Sally Wen Mao, under the framework of Haraway’s cyborg. Both liken their self to cyborgs. Both take the perspective of cyborgs. Both are equally drawn to Haraway’s cybernetic dream. I will explain how Haraway’s cyborg is a fitting metaphor for the female identity and a relevant conduit for its expression, and how it facilitates the reckoning and rejection of the historically constituted female body. Finally, I will interrogate applicability of Haraway’s cyborg to the female Asian body by cross-referencing the cyborg with orientalism and techno-orientalism. I will argue for the exclusive nature of Haraway’s cyborg and its inadequacy in constituting a liberating space for the female Asian body.

The belief in “heaven” in early China is an important part of ancient Chinese philosophy and culture. There are hundreds of schools of ancient Chinese philosophy, and they have their own unique interpretation and understanding of the concept of “heaven”. This paper aims to explore the belief based on “heaven” in ancient Chinese philosophy and analyze its philosophical significance in depth, so as to understand the evolution, characteristics, and inheritance of ancient Chinese philosophy. Through the study of the belief in “heaven” and the concepts of “Destiny of Heaven” and “Way of Heaven”, it is found that these thoughts not only had a profound impact on the development of early Chinese philosophy but also played an important role in the formation and inheritance of Chinese culture. This kind of thought has significance beyond the times and national boundaries, giving enlightenment on the theoretical construction and practical exploration of human society.

The monumental events of World War II deeply impacted numerous spheres of human life, including Hollywood cinema. This paper delves into the influence of WWII on Hollywood’s thematic and narrative shifts, using the iconic film Casablanca (1942) as its focal point. Released amidst the war’s tumult, Casablanca seamlessly blends a distinct love story with contemporary political dynamics, exemplifying Hollywood’s adaptive response to wartime conditions. Through meticulous examination of Casablanca, this study gleans insights into Hollywood’s filmmaking choices and content transformation against the war’s backdrop, drawing from varied sources such as film archives, governmental records, and industry reports. This exploration vividly highlights the lasting impact of the war on cinema, positioning Casablanca as a paragon of the synergy between cinematic art and wartime politics.

The film The Flowers of War is related to the Nanking Massacre in the year of 1937, in Nanking, China. The paper mainly studies the story of sacrifice and hope in the war, and the relationship between the two, against the backdrop of the Nanking Massacre. The purpose of this research paper is to bring to light a different side of the war. This paper introduces the cruelty of war and the importance of women in war through the analysis of characters and themes in The film The Flowers of War, analyzing the before and after of the characters and the personality traits of different characters. This paper finds out that war is essentially exchanging the lives of one group of people for the lives of another. Men are not the only ones who can contribute to war. At the same time, the position of women in war is not negligible and essential.

As the advance of the times and the popularization of the internet, a large number of netizens have entered cyberspace. Along with this, the phenomenon of cyber bullying has become rampant and a pressing social issue, but the criminal legislation of our country seems to lack sufficient measures to regulate such dangerous behavior. Currently, scholars have two main viewpoints regarding regulating cyber bullying. One revolves around existing legal frameworks or regulations and aims to address cyber bullying through an interpretive approach. Another argues that the existing criminal charges have numerous flaws and fail to adequately meet the regulatory demands, thus advocating for the creation of specific charges. Therefore, it is crucial to study the current situation and deficiencies in China’s criminal regulation of cyber bullying and explore practical solutions to address these shortcomings.

As the Pioneer of Chinese Drama, Cao Yu has contributed a series of distinctive and representative female images to contemporary Chinese literature. However, it exists a great transformation in female image creation and aesthetics in his plays. Divided from 1938, modern women represented by Fanyi, Chen Bailu and Hua Jinzi full of passion for life were celebrated by Cao Yu during the pre-time, while traditional women with classic Chinese flavors got well recognized by him during the post-time, such as Doctor Ding, Sufang and Ruijue. The transformation related closely to his creative conception, reflecting Cao Yu’s re-choice of his aesthetic interests, values, and cultural stance. This article analyzed Cao Yu’s creative conception from the differences between his two periods of female image creation and aesthetics before and after 1938. In recent years, feminism has been on the rise in China. Therefore, it will not only be beneficial to the Chinese women’s liberation movement, but also to the world’s women’s liberation movement.