In the 21st century, suspense novels have evolved and authors increasingly explore narrative theory and techniques. This study analyzes the employment of narrative techniques in Dennis Lehane's "Shutter Island" by applying Lefebvre's space theory. This theory links space with social production, infused with Marxist concepts, imparting social attributes to space, transcending its conventional geometric definition. The research delves into three dimensions: spatial practice, spatial representation, and the space of representation to expound on how the spatial narration in the text mirrors the psychological transformations of the characters. Characters' memories within the spatial context influence their actions, generating a sequence of spatial clusters. The emergence of new spaces and imagery impacts character cognition. The three enigmatic symbols in the text encode the protagonist's memories, unravelled through dreams, constructing a novel textual space. It is within this multifaceted interplay that the treatment of 'mental illness' is addressed. This analysis demonstrates how narrative techniques intertwined with spatial theory serve as a compelling medium to portray intricate psychological facets in Lehane's ""Shutter Island"."

This article illuminates the evolving functions of the door gods in Chinese culture, detailing China's medieval, premodern, and modern periods in relation to how these door gods were viewed, which changed from exorcism to prayer and then to political propaganda. Mary Douglas’s grid and group theory is applied to examine the type of the society and the symbol systme poduced. This article points out the significant transformation of the door god paintings during the Great Cultural Revolution period and proposes a hypothesis about changes of possible subjects on the paintings. All of the evidence of the metamorphosis underscores the dynamism and distinctiveness of local beliefs in China.

This essay delves into the complexities of the fashion industry as portrayed in the movie The Devil Wears Prada (2006), directed by David Frankel. Through analyzing power dynamics, the gaze, and societal pressures, the essay explores the journey of Andy Sachs, an aspiring journalist navigating the world of fashion journalism under the formidable editor-in-chief, Miranda Priestly. Theoretical frameworks, including Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze," Michel Foucault's power theory, and Pierre Bourdieu's cultural capital, enrich the understanding of the film's themes. "The Devil Wears Prada" offers a critical examination of the fashion industry's glamorous facade and its impact on individuals, prompting discussions about societal values and body positivity. While acknowledging the film's limitations as fictional, the essay highlights the fashion industry's evolving commitment to inclusivity, particularly in expanding clothes sizes. Ultimately, the movie serves as a timeless reference point for discussions on ambition and authenticity amidst societal pressures in the fashion world.

Internet terms have not only emerged as a result of the Internet's rapid and unprecedented development over the past few decades, but they have also become an integral part of contemporary linguistic expression. These terms have undergone significant evolution, adapting and altering in response to the dynamic online environment. Their presence is no longer restricted to technical jargon or niche communities. Instead, they have found their way into everyday conversations, regardless of age or location. This study intends to delve deeply into these internet terms, with a particular emphasis on the modern Chinese language, in order to uncover the cultural and social values they embody. Understanding the evolution of the Chinese language provides valuable insight into the nation's shifting cultural narratives and emergent social trends, given that the Chinese Internet community is one of the largest in the world. The objective is not only to document the symbiotic relationship between the Internet and linguistic change but also to comprehend its essence.

Garden art has always held a significant place in traditional Chinese culture. During the Song Dynasty, literati, with their unique aesthetic perspectives and creative methods, produced a wide range of garden designs, creating a high level of aesthetic value. Literati excursions served as a vital means of promoting cultural prosperity and artistic creation. Excursions, as a form of social gathering among Northern Song literati, emerged as a defining activity of the era. This paper aims to delve into the incorporation of painting and narrative into garden design and garden exploration by studying the literature and images associated with Song Dynasty literati excursions. Using Jiān Yú Garden as a case study, the paper discusses the corresponding architectural design approaches and their applicability in contemporary garden architecture practice. It explores a garden design methodology imbued with cultural and artistic value.

The history and development of cooperation between people is a major topic in many areas. The most popular ideas about how cooperation started are cultural group selection and the idea of charity. Scientists have different responses to them, though. People have evolved and survived in many places over a very long time, so they must have left behind a lot of proof. This paper looks into the main reasons why people work together and how cooperation has evolved by collecting historical samples and ethnic records and analysing them along with other research. The poll results show that the main reason people work together is to get what they want. To stay alive in natural settings that are very complicated, people work together to build trust and reputation systems. The creation of ways to respond to different cultures and punish people who don't follow the rules has helped to keep socialised systems of cooperation that were formed when cultures clashed or mixed. Cooperation is something that everyone does, but different places have their own religious beliefs and cultural practices that shape how people work together. A lot of different things affect how cooperative people are, and it's hard to come up with a good theoretical model just from the studies that have been done so far.

The advent of the internet has prompted more scrutiny of individual conduct and generated many moral appraisals thereof. Nevertheless, the moral assessments have had both beneficial and detrimental effects on society. Hence, the subject matter explored in this article pertains to the influence exerted by mass media via positive attention and assessment on individual behaviour. The research methodology used in this work is outlined as follows: Firstly, this study focuses on the selection of news broadcasts that highlight persons that possess substantial social power in contemporary society. Secondly, a comprehensive behavioural analysis is performed to examine the moral appraisal of these individuals by the general public. Numerous studies have shown that the scrutiny of individual conduct by the public may provide positive outcomes for both the collective and society at large, provided that both journalists and consumers of news engage in appropriate behaviours. This research proposes that individuals, when confronted with individual behaviour, need to impartially assess its morality in accordance with actuality, using a composed and unbiased judgement.

The prejudice and discrimination toward femininity lasted from the ancient world to today's workplace. Women frequently faced judgments, with a particular focus on anti-feminity, this study explores the gender differences in career expectations, the unequal distribution of career opportunities, and disparities in unemployment rates which all contribute to this pervasive imbalance. Firstly, this research investigates how societal norms and stereotypes shape gendered career expectations. By analyzing the pressures that steer individuals towards specific career paths, it becomes evident that femininity was often marginalized, leading to limited career choices for women. Secondly, this research examines the unequal distribution of career opportunities, revealing how institutional and structural factors perpetuate gender disparities. The scarcity of women in leadership positions and male-dominated industries further entrenches the absence of femininity within workplace narratives. Lastly, the study uncovers the gender-based disparities in unemployment rates, highlighting the systemic biases that hinder women's access to stable employment, particularly during economic downturns.

The background of the research is based on the problems and dilemmas faced by women in modern East Asian society. The research investigated how Confucius’s thoughts put social constraints on women in China, Japan, and South Korea because of their gender through the content of the books and the derived meaning of folk while looking at the ideological transformation of women in society to resist these regulations. People in those societies are often disciplined by thousands of years of traditional etiquette, hence the conflict between self-consciousness and cultural oppression brought about by Confucianism becomes an important topic among East Asian scholars. The paper aims to show how the Confucius norms build on the fixed gender role in different ways and analyze the social oppression of East Asian women, with the resistance and struggle that women are making in these countries. Hence a better understanding of the progress of women's rights in East Asian countries and the role of women in society. The significance of the paper is that it makes up the research gap on how Confucian culture oppresses women's social status and uses realistic scenes while demonstrating the transformation of women's self-consciousness under these regulations in a chronological sequence.

Research on social movements has been continuously robust and of significant theoretical importance in the field of social studies. This paper argues that there is no definitive criterion for categorizing social movements into a binary standard of either “success” or “failure”. Social movements emerge to instigate societal or ideological transformations. By analysing various historical movements worldwide, the study finds that when social movements reach extreme positions and unleash devastating forces upon society, they often provoke counter-movements that seek to restore social equilibrium. Societal trends oscillate back and forth, much like a pendulum, and social movements function as agents that pull the pendulum towards the centre when it reaches its peak on one side. Therefore, social movements act as regulators contributing to the constant dynamic balance in society. This nuanced perspective can inform policymakers, activists, and researchers in their efforts to engage with and respond to social movements, fostering more informed and effective strategies for societal change and progress.

The institution of marriage has undergone significant changes throughout history, and in recent times, there has been a noticeable shift among women towards prioritizing love and personal fulfillment as key factors influencing their decision to marry. As women's education has advanced, there has been a corresponding decrease in the rate of marriage to a certain degree. Nevertheless, a discernible pattern has emerged wherein modern women are increasingly articulating apprehension towards the institution of marriage, citing a multitude of factors including familial obligations, economic encumbrances, and the potential curtailment of individual autonomy. This study employs a literature review method to examine the various aspects that contribute to the phenomenon of marriage apprehension among women in modern society. Specifically, it investigates the evolving perspectives of women towards love, marriage, and cultural norms as key determinants of this anxiety. The primary objective of this study is to examine women's perspectives on marriage and the factors contributing to their decision to remain unmarried. By doing so, this research aims to shed light on prevailing societal issues and the unrealistic societal expectations and demands placed on women in Chinese culture.

In recent years, the Vietnamese entertainment industry has seen an increase exceeding the world’s average growth rate. The growth reflected the Vietnam government’s long-term goal to build its cultural industry and entertainment industry from 2020 to 2030. The entertainment industry will include a broad range of interrelated industries that produce entertainment products and services, especially the film industry, which has seen significant growth throughout the years. To dive deeper into the development of Vietnam’s film industry, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the drivers behind the growth trajectory of Vietnam’s film industry, examining the interplay of cultural, political, and economic factors. The research methodology employed in this study involves an extensive review and synthesis of existing scholarly literature and reputable sources pertaining to the development of Vietnam’s film industry. This shift in the film industry is attributed to factors such as the abolition of censorship, the industry’s appeal to a broader demographic, the diversification of content, and the transformative impact of streaming platforms. Additionally, while the industry exhibits notable progress, challenges persist, including the need for policies to nurture emerging talent and address the shortage of skilled professionals in various production roles.

This research undertakes a comprehensive exploration of reproductive rights and abortion within the broader context of gender politics, with a keen emphasis on the influence of radical feminism. Reproductive rights, extending beyond mere health and medical concerns, intersect with societal, ethical, religious, and political dimensions. Through this lens, the study investigates global reproductive policies and the international legal stance on abortion. The ascendancy of radical feminism and its critiques against historically entrenched patriarchal structures form a core component of this discourse. The article further delves into the legal histories and controversies surrounding both reproductive and abortion rights, probing into their evolving legal frameworks, international regulations, and the multifaceted debates linked to their acceptability. Through the interplay of these elements, the research ultimately converges on the broader implications these topics have on global human rights, women’s socio-economic standings, and the fluid realm of gender dynamics. The overarching goal is to shed light on these intricate relationships, contributing to a more equitable and inclusive understanding of evolving gender politics.

Domestic violence, a pervasive and deeply concerning issue, continues to cast a long shadow over societies worldwide, with developing countries facing unique challenges in addressing this problem. This paper delves into the complex landscape of domestic violence in developing nations, aiming to scrutinize its current state, summarize research findings, and explore various theoretical perspectives to better comprehend the underlying dynamics. The multifaceted examination encompasses an elucidation of fundamental concepts related to domestic violence, a delineation of the specific human rights infringed upon by this scourge, a comprehensive evaluation of the existing situation in developing nations, and a discussion of viable solutions to mitigate this crisis. Ultimately, this research aims to create a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing domestic violence in developing countries. By thoroughly exploring its various facets, we hope to provide insights that will contribute to the development of more effective intervention strategies and the safeguarding of the rights and well-being of women who are disproportionately affected by this issue, particularly in developing nations where unique challenges demand special attention and action.

Football is one of the most popular sports all over the world; however, there are limited seats inside the stadiums, making TV broadcasting an important tool for its popularity. Football commentators, therefore, need to transmit the active information of the game accurately and vividly. To add color to commentary, it is assumed that metaphor is widely used in their speech. As a result, this paper aims at analyzing metaphorical images in the commentary script of the 2022 UEFA Champions League Final. The procedure adopted is to survey the metaphoric images in the speech theoretically and to analyze certain sports texts pragmatically. After that, on the basis of sociolinguistics, analyze the functions of metaphor and their potential drawbacks. The results are as follows: Metaphor is heavily used by football commentators and helps make the game more exciting; it also has rhetorical and social functions. However, the use of metaphors in football commentary may cause language violence.

The Jilting of Granny Weatherall is one of the classic short stories of the famous American writer Katherine Anne Porter. The short story expresses women’s liberation through the protagonist Granny Weatherall’s attitude in the face of frustration. Some scholars focus more on analyzing the techniques used in the stream of consciousness used in the short story; some compare it to other similar works, while others provide a broader interpretation from a feminist perspective. However, this essay tends to make a tentative analysis of the interpretation of the masculinity displayed by the protagonist from the perspective of radical feminism and probe into the relationship between sex and gender temperament in a patriarchal society. In this way, it is shown that under the patriarchy, women are able to choose whether they show masculinity or not of their own free will. Furthermore, they will be more conscious of the significance of improving their self-awareness as economic, social, and ideological growth continues.

With the continuous development of the world's political economy, global communication and dialogue in the post-pandemic era have returned to normal, and the demand for diplomatic translation has also increased. The dialectical unity of precision and ambiguity is a common linguistic feature of diplomatic language usage in various countries. As the important official access to cross-cultural communication, if some expressions in diplomatic translation cannot be properly handled, they may lead to serious diplomatic accidents. Restricted by the influence of national psychological traits, historical and cultural backgrounds, and values, there is a significant linguistic and cultural distance between Chinese and Western languages, causing the different translation methods adopted in translation. With specific language registers and translation strategies, countries have developed different diplomatic images and sought communication and cooperation This article mainly compares the translation skills taken by China and the US in the diplomatic context and analyzes the underlying reasons, exploring the impact of political stances on diplomatic translation.

Hard Roads in Shu, a famous poem by Li Bai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, has been translated into the English and American worlds with a certain degree of alteration of its original meaning. This paper analyzes the translation of geographical imagery and biological imagery in the four English translations of Hard Roads in Shu from the perspective of Chinese and foreign comparisons based on the translations of four Chinese and foreign translators, which focuses on analyzing the three dimensions of the direct translation treatment and the free translation treatment, the embodiment of rhetorical devices such as couplets, and the different word choices of the four translators in translating biological and geographical imagery. In the end, the study finds some better solution and suggestions for the future translation of geographic and biological imagery in other languages while retaining the flavor of the source language, so as to achieve the purpose of cultural exchange.

Social media has grown in popularity at an alarming rate over the past few years, from simple forms of communication such as text messaging and phone calls to the use of messaging and calling apps, to the rise of short videos, video or photo-sharing platforms, and social network sites. The forms of social media communication have become more diversified and complex. As the cost of communication, media becomes less expensive and more acceptable to the general public. It has also become common for youth to access social media. Social media use (SMU) is now ingrained in adolescent culture. With the influence of Internet Celebrities (ICs), a derivative born along with the growth of social media, adolescents’ behavioral changes should not be underestimated due to the high degree of freedom in their communication and the extremely low threshold of the industry. Much of the earlier research has concentrated on the benefits that social media use provides to adolescents, and very little has been explored about the possible effects of SMU and its derivatives (i.e., IC) on adolescents’ behavior. A better understanding of the impact of SMU on adolescents’ behavior can help families and schools with intervention planning. This review may provide inspiration for future research on factors influencing adolescents’ behavior from a social media perspective.

Operas of the 19th century adhered to realism, often drawing inspiration from real-life situations. In the social context of the era, women were often relegated to positions of weakness and lacked societal status, rendering them subject to the scrutiny of male perspectives. However, Richard Wagner's operas distinguished themselves by endowing female characters with prominence and authority. This article seeks to investigate Wagner's effective empowerment of women, focusing on the plot and role analysis of Brünnhilde, the female character from "Die Walküre." Subsequently, a combination of document analysis and literature review are synthesized, showing the diverse perspectives of scholars who have examined Wagner's individualism and his portrayal of female characters in his operas. Ultimately, it is apparent that the formidable female figures in Wagner's operas boldly challenge prevailing social norms, embodying the essence of love and redemption. While scholars hold varying interpretations regarding Wagner's approach to feminism, it is irrefutable that these non-traditional female characters occupy central positions in his works, infused with profound emotions and at the core of dramatic storytelling.