Communications in Humanities Research

- The Open Access Proceedings Series for Conferences


Communications in Humanities Research

Vol. 28, 19 April 2024


Open Access | Article

Stereotypes and Neglect That Exist in Contexts and Juvenile Justice System

Zhiyi Dong * 1
1 University of Melbourne

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Communications in Humanities Research, Vol. 28, 104-111
Published 19 April 2024. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by EWA Publishing
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Citation Zhiyi Dong. Stereotypes and Neglect That Exist in Contexts and Juvenile Justice System. CHR (2024) Vol. 28: 104-111. DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/28/20230139.

Abstract

During the past decade, as the crimes committed by girl offenders have become increasingly severe and violent, attention has been drawn to this field. Many studies have indicated that the gender gap is closing given girl delinquency being more severe. This work traces historical issues about girl delinquency in previous literature and compares recent data released by juvenile justice system, finding that girl delinquents are encountering dilemmas within and beyond juvenile justice system. To unveil their plights, this work refines factors leading to their crimes and manifests the deficiency in juvenile justice system. The first part releases updated data and tendency to present the fact that female delinquency is becoming increasingly severe. The second part concludes and analyzes the gender specific pathways leading to their crimes. The third part explores why the present gender-neutral juvenile justice system is deficient and why girls are facing dilemmas in such systems.

Keywords

female delinquency, gender gap, stereotypes, feminism

References

1. Siegel, Larry J.; Welsh, Brandon (2011). Juvenile Delinquency: The Core (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0534519322.

2. "Juvenile Age of Jurisdiction and Transfer to Adult Court Laws". www.ncsl.org. Retrieved 2023-06-07.

3. Woolard; Scott (2009). "The legal regulation of adolescence". In Lerner, R.; Steinberg, L. (eds.). Handbook of Adolescent psychology. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 345–371. ISBN 9780470149225.

4. Piper, D. (2023). Girls' Pathways to Crime. In The Encyclo

5. MEARS, D. P., PLOEGER, M., & WARR, M. (1998). Explaining the Gender Gap in Delinquency: Peer Influence and Moral Evaluations of Behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35(3), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427898035003001

6. Puzzanchera, C., Hockenberry, S (2021). “Trends and Characteristics of Delinquency Cases Handled in Juvenile Court, 2019”. https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/library/publications/trends-and-characteristics-delinquency-cases-handled-juvenile-court-2019

7. OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book. Online. Available: https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/court/JCSCR_Display.asp?ID=qa06240. January 10, 2023.

8. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2019). Crime in the U.S. 2019. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2019/crime-in-the-u.s.-2019/topic-pages/tables/table-33

9. Steffensmeier, D., Schwartz, J., Zhong, H. and Ackerman, J. (2005). an Assessment of Recent Trends in Girls' Violence Using Diverse Longitudinal Sources: Is the Gender Gap Closing?. Criminology, 43: 355-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0011-1348.2005.00011.x

10. What Is the Gender Gap? (And Why Is It Getting Wide?). (2017). https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/the-gender-gap-actually-got-worse-in-2017/

11. Global Gender Gap Report 2023. https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-gender-gap-report-2023/digest?gl=1*1cnf2x7*up*MQ..&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIgN6I25Lo_wIVw6WWCh2dgAZ3EAAYASAAEgIpG_D_BwE

12. Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescence (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780073405483.5.

13. Mullis, R.L., Cornille, T.A., Mullis, A.K. et al. Female Juvenile Offending: A Review of Characteristics and Contexts. Journal of Child and Family Studies 13, 205–218 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JCFS.0000015708.71295.2a

14. Lerner, R. M. (1998). Theories of human development: Contemporary perspectives. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 1–25). New York: Wiley.

15. Siegel, L. J., & Senna, J. J. (2000). Juvenile delinquency: Theory, practice, and law (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

16. Puzzanchera, C., Adams, B., and Sickmund, M. (2010). Juvenile court statistics 2006–2007. Pittsburgh: National Center for Juvenile Justice.17.

17. Smith, D. K., Leve, L. D., and Chamberlain, P. (2006). Adolescent girls’ offending and health-risking sexual behavior: The predictive role of trauma. Child Maltreatment, 11(4): 346–353. DOI:10.1177/1077559506291950

18. Catalano, S., Smith, E., Snyder, H., and Rand, M. (2009). Female victims of violence (NCJ 228356). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Department of Justice.

19. Funk, S. J. (1999). Risk assessment for juveniles on probation: A focus on gender. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26(1): 44–68. DOI:10.1177/0093854899026001003

20. Smetana, J. G., & Daddis, C. (2002). Domain specific antecedents of parental psychological control and monitoring: The role of parenting beliefs and practices. Child Development, 73, 563–580.

21. Thornberry, T.P. Intergenerational Patterns in Offending: Lessons from the Rochester Intergenerational Study—ASC Division of Developmental and Life Course Criminology David P. Farrington Lecture, 2019. J Dev Life Course Criminology 6, 381–397 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-020-00150-8

22. Schaffner, L. (2007). Violence against girls provokes girls’ violence: From private injury to public harm. Violence Against Women, 13(12): 1229–1248.DOI:10.1177/1077801207309881

23. Bloom, B., Owen, B., and Covington, S. (2003). Gender-responsive strategies: Research practice and guiding principles for women offenders. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, National Institute of Corrections.

24. Walker-Barnes, C. J., & Mason, C. A. (2001). Ethnic differences in the effect of parenting on gang involvement and gang delinquency; a longitudinal, hierarchical linear modeling perspective. Child Development, 72, 1814–1832.

25. Anne Campbell DPhil (1991) On the Invisibility of the Female Delinquent Peer Group, Women & Criminal Justice, 2:1, 41-62, DOI:10.1300/J012v02n01_04

26. Lederman, C. S., Dakof, G. A., Larrea, M. A., and Li, H. (2004). Characteristics of adolescent females in juvenile detention. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 27: 321 337.DOI:10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.03.009

27. Acoca, L. (1999). Investing in girls: A 21st century strategy. Juvenile Justice, 6(1): 3–13.

28. Holsinger, K., and Holsinger, A. M. (2005). Differential pathways to violence and self-injurious behavior: African American and White girls in the juvenile justice system. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 42(2): 211–242. DOI:10.1177/ 0022427804271938

29. Grisso, T. (2008). Adolescent Offenders with Mental Disorders. The Future of Children, 18(2), 143–164. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20179982

30. AGNEW, R. and WHITE, H.R. (1992), AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF GENERAL STRAIN THEORY. Criminology, 30: 475-500. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01113.x

31. Zahn, M. A., Day, J. C., Mihalic, S. F., and Tichavsky, L. (2009). Determining what works for girls in the juvenile justice system: A summary of evaluation evidence. Crime & Delinquency, 55(2): 266–293. DOI:10.1177/0011128708330649

32. Tracy, P. E., Kempf-Leonard, K., & Abramoske-James, S. (2009). Gender Differences in Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Processing: Evidence from National Data. Crime & Delinquency, 55(2), 171–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128708330628

33. Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, W. (1895). The female offender. London: Unwin.

34. Pollack, O. (1950). The criminality of women. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

35. Belknap, J. (2015). The invisible woman: Gender, crime and justice (4th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.

36. Anderson, Valerie & Hoskins, Kayla & Rubino, Laur. (2019). Defining Gender-Responsive Services in a Juvenile Court Setting. Women & Criminal Justice. 29. 1-17. 10.1080/08974454.2019.1588836.

37. Salisbury, E. J. (2015). Program Integrity and the Principles of gender-responsive interventions: Assessing the context for suitable change. Criminology and Policy, 14(2), 329–335. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12131

38. Belisle, L. A., & Salisbury, E. J. (2021). Starting With Girls and Their Resilience in Mind: Reconsidering Risk/Needs Assessments for System-Involved Girls. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 48(5), 596–616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854820983859

39. Esther Burson, Erin B. Godfrey & Sukhmani Singh (2019) “This is probably the reason why she resorted to that kind of action”: A qualitative analysis of juvenile justice workers attributions for girls’ offending, Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 47:2, 154-170, DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2019.1582142

40. Mallicoat, S. L. (2007). Gendered justice: Attributional differences between males and females. In the Juvenile Courts. Feminist Criminology, 2 (1), 4–30. doi:10.1177/1557085106296349

41. Gaarder, E., Rodriguez, N., & Zatz, M. S. (2004). Criers, liars, and manipulators: Probation officers’ views of girls. Justice Quarterly, 21 (3), 547–578. doi:10.1080/07418820400095901

Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:

1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.

2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.

3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open Access Instruction).

Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Politics and Socio-Humanities
ISBN (Print)
978-1-83558-363-0
ISBN (Online)
978-1-83558-364-7
Published Date
19 April 2024
Series
Communications in Humanities Research
ISSN (Print)
2753-7064
ISSN (Online)
2753-7072
DOI
10.54254/2753-7064/28/20230139
Copyright
19 April 2024
Open Access
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Copyright © 2023 EWA Publishing. Unless Otherwise Stated