Communications in Humanities Research

- The Open Access Proceedings Series for Conferences


Communications in Humanities Research

Vol. 23, 20 December 2023


Open Access | Article

Visual Femininity under the Male Gaze: Foot-binding Custom and Female Self-Censorship

Ziqiang Huang * 1
1 University of Leeds

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Communications in Humanities Research, Vol. 23, 54-58
Published 20 December 2023. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by EWA Publishing
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Citation Ziqiang Huang. Visual Femininity under the Male Gaze: Foot-binding Custom and Female Self-Censorship. CHR (2023) Vol. 23: 54-58. DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/23/20230595.

Abstract

In the social aesthetic system based on patriarchy, the standards and shaping of femininity are usually closely related to the male gaze, which puts forward a series of requirements for the daily behavior norms of women as objects, including clothing, speech, and body shape. Under the long-term moral judgment and social monitoring, while bearing the pressure of aesthetic standards, women have gradually strengthened their self-control and censorship in terms of femininity. This study will take the custom of “female footbinding” in traditional Chinese society as an example, and analyze how men’s gazes contributed to the evolution of this aesthetic standard from the perspective of visual culture, and how women under the influence of this custom have strengthened their sense of self and even same-sex monitoring. The study found that patriarchal social norm constraints and objectified gaze strengthen women’s control over self-image, and women themselves form self-monitoring under the background of habitual pressure, which still affects modern women’s aesthetic self-evaluation today.

Keywords

visual culture, femininity, traditional custom, foot-binding

References

1. Reznikov, Phillips, C., Cooke, M., Garbout, A., Ahmed, F., & Stevens, M. M. (2017). Functional Adaptation of the Calcaneus in Historical Foot Binding. Journal of Bone and Mineral.

2. Ko, D. (2022). Cinderella’s Sisters: A revisionist of Footbinding (Yanwei, trans.). Jiangsu People’s Publishing House.

3. Ko. (1997). Bondage in Time: Footbinding and Fashion Theory. Fashion Theory, 1(1), 3-27.

4. Gates. (2008). Bound feet: How sexy were they? The History of the Family, 13 (1), 58-70.

5. Wu Qiong. (2022). Shijue pipan daolun [Visuality]. Southwest University Publishing House.

6. Shilling, C. (2021). The Body and Social Theory ( Li Kang, trans.). Shanghai Literature & Art Publishing House.

7. SOON. (2004). Footbinding and Masochism: A Psychoanalytical Exploration. Women’s Studies, 33(5), 651-676

8. Wang Min’an. (2022). Shenti, kongjian yu houxiandaixing [Body, Space and Post Modernity]. Nanjing University Press.

9. Ko. (1997). The Body as Attire: The Shifting Meanings of Footbinding in Seventeenth-Century China. Journal of Women’s History, 8 (4), 8-27.

Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Politics and Socio-Humanities
ISBN (Print)
978-1-83558-241-1
ISBN (Online)
978-1-83558-242-8
Published Date
20 December 2023
Series
Communications in Humanities Research
ISSN (Print)
2753-7064
ISSN (Online)
2753-7072
DOI
10.54254/2753-7064/23/20230595
Copyright
20 December 2023
Open Access
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Copyright © 2023 EWA Publishing. Unless Otherwise Stated